Sources: UN-OHRLLS, UNCTAD, World Bank (2023-2024 data).
A landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, with no direct access to an ocean or sea. Globally, there are 44 landlocked countries. Within the UN system, 32 of these are classified as Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) due to their specific economic vulnerabilities. The remaining 12 are developed or transition economies (e.g., Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, Czechia).
| Region | Countries (Examples) | Key Transit Neighbors | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | (16) | Botswana, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe | South Africa, Kenya, Djibouti, Tanzania | | Asia (12) | Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan | China, Russia, Iran, Pakistan, Vietnam | | Europe (14) | Austria, Belarus, Czechia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Moldova, North Macedonia, Serbia, Switzerland | Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Ukraine | | South America (2) | Bolivia, Paraguay | Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru |
