Verbo Tener Euskera -

– The above examples show EDUN ( dut, du ). Let me correct that.

| Spanish Expression | Basque Equivalent | Literal meaning | Verb used | |-------------------|-------------------|-----------------|-----------| | Tener hambre | | To be hungry | IZAN (to be) | | Tener sed | Egarri izan | To be thirsty | IZAN | | Tener miedo | Beldur izan | To be afraid | IZAN | | Tener frío | Hotz izan | To be cold | IZAN | | Tener calor | Bero izan | To be hot | IZAN | | Tener sueño | Logura izan | To be sleepy | IZAN | | Tener X años | X urte izan | To be X years old | IZAN | | Tener que + inf | Behar + edun | To have obligation | EDUN (as auxiliary) | verbo tener euskera

8/10 (highly irregular, ergative alignment, split usage). Essential for fluency, but requires dedicated memorization. – The above examples show EDUN ( dut, du )

In reality, modern Basque does use as the transitive verb "to have." But it is ergative , not nominative. So the structure is: Possessor (ERGATIVE case) + Object (NOMINATIVE) + EDUN (conjugated) | Spanish | Basque (EDUN) | |---------|----------------| | Yo tengo un libro. | Nik liburu bat dut. | | Tú tienes dos perros. | Zuk bi txakur dituzu. | | Él/Ella tiene un coche. | Hark auto bat du. | | Nosotros tenemos hambre. | Guk gosea dugu. | Essential for fluency, but requires dedicated memorization

| Subject (has) | Object = me (ni) | Object = you (hi) | Object = him/her/it (hura) | Object = us (gu) | Object = them (haiek) | |---------------|------------------|-------------------|-----------------------------|------------------|-----------------------| | Ni (I) | – | zaitut | dut | – | ditut | | Hi (you, inf) | naizu | – | duk/dun | gaituzu | dituk/ditun | | Hura (s/he) | nau | zaitu | du | gaitu | ditu | | Gu (we) | – | zaitugu | dugu | – | ditugu | | Zuek (you pl) | naizue | zaituzte | duzue | gaituzue | dituzue | | Haiek (they) | naute | zaituzte | dute | gaituzte | dituzte |