| Subject | Form | Meaning | |---------|------|---------| | Nik | dut | I have it | | Zuk | duzu | you have it | | Hark | du | s/he has it | | Guk | dugu | we have it | | Zuek | duzue | you (pl) have it | | Haiek | dute | they have it |
The initial marks 3rd person object (absolutive). The -t, -zu, -Ø, -gu, -zue, -te mark subject (ergative).
Past tense (same verb):
Important: Edun is defective; it only appears as an auxiliary or in synthetic forms meaning “to have” (possession). The verb ukan is sometimes used as its root. Present tense of joan (intransitive, uses izan -type agreement):
| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni (I) | noa | I go | | Zu (you sg) | zoaz | you go | | Hura (s/he) | doa | s/he goes | | Gu (we) | goaz | we go | | Zuek (you pl) | zoazte | you (pl) go | | Haiek (they) | doaz | they go | verbos en euskera
| Verb (infinitive) | Meaning | |------------------|---------| | izan | to be | | ** | to have (possession) | | ** | to go | | etorri | to come | | ibili | to walk, to be active | | ** | to say | | ** | to know (fact) | | ** | to know (a person/place) | | ** | to bring | | eraman | to carry | | ** | to stay / remain | | ** | to lie (down) | | ** | to get up | | ** | to listen / hear | | ** | to see | | ** | to think / reflect |
| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni | nindoan | I went | | Zu | zindoazen | you went | | Hura | zihoan | s/he went | | Gu | gindoazen | we went | | Zuek | zindoazten | you (pl) went | | Haiek | zihoazen | they went | | Subject | Form | Meaning | |---------|------|---------|
Notice: The auxiliary changes entirely depending on the combination of subject and object. The present tense of edun (for 3sg object) is: