Kuichling’s formula: Fire flow (L/min) = 3182 × √P (P in thousands) P = 75 Fire flow = 3182 × √75 = 3182 × 8.66 = 27,556 L/min Convert to m³/day = 27,556 × 1.44 = 39,680 m³/day (459 L/s) 3. Problem Set 3: Pipe Flow – Darcy-Weisbach & Hazen-Williams Problem 3.1 A 400 mm diameter steel pipe (ε = 0.045 mm) carries water at 20°C (ν = 1×10⁻⁶ m²/s) over a length of 800 m. Flow rate = 0.25 m³/s. Calculate head loss using: (a) Darcy-Weisbach equation (b) Hazen-Williams (C=120)
Growth rates: r1 = (55-45)/45 = 0.2222 (22.22%) r2 = (68-55)/55 = 0.2364 r3 = (84-68)/68 = 0.2353 Average r = 0.2313 (23.13%) P2030 = 84,000 × (1+0.2313)² = 84,000 × 1.515 = 127,260 water supply engineering solved problems pdf
Make a mass diagram (cumulative supply – cumulative demand): Kuichling’s formula: Fire flow (L/min) = 3182 ×